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📚 High-Yield Pharmacology MCQ Practice Set
This curated practice collection contains top frequently repeated pharmacology multiple-choice questions with clinical rationales, compiled from previous year papers of AIIMS, ESIC, RRB, and State DSSSB/DHS recruitment examinations.
Core Pharmacology Questions & Detailed Rationales
1. Which of the following drugs is the drug of choice for anaphylactic shock?
(a) Atropine
(b) Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
(c) Hydrocortisone
(d) Diphenhydramine
Correct Answer: (b) Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
Rationale: Adrenaline acts on alpha-1 receptors (causing vasoconstriction and relieving hypotension), beta-1 receptors (increasing cardiac output), and beta-2 receptors (producing powerful bronchodilation and inhibiting histamine release from mast cells).
2. ‘Grey Baby Syndrome’ is a well-known fatal adverse effect associated with:
(a) Tetracycline
(b) Chloramphenicol
(c) Erythromycin
(d) Gentamicin
Correct Answer: (b) Chloramphenicol
Rationale: Neonates have immature hepatic glucuronyl transferase enzymes and inadequate renal clearance, leading to accumulation of toxic levels of Chloramphenicol, causing cardiovascular collapse, hypothermia, and cyanosis (ashen grey skin).
3. Which specific anti-tubercular drug can cause peripheral neuropathy due to pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) deficiency?
(a) Rifampicin
(b) Ethambutol
(c) Isoniazid (INH)
(d) Pyrazinamide
Correct Answer: (c) Isoniazid (INH)
Rationale: Isoniazid binds with pyridoxal phosphate, accelerating its urinary excretion and inhibiting pyridoxine phosphokinase. Prophylactic Pyridoxine (10–20 mg/day) is co-prescribed to prevent peripheral neuritis.
4. The specific antidote used for heparin overdose is:
(a) Vitamin K
(b) Protamine Sulfate
(c) Aminocaproic acid
(d) Deferoxamine
Correct Answer: (b) Protamine Sulfate
Rationale: Protamine sulfate is a strongly basic polycationic protein that electrostatically binds with strongly acidic negatively charged heparin molecules to form an inactive stable salt complex.
5. Which of the following ACE inhibitors is NOT a prodrug and is active in its native form?
(a) Enalapril
(b) Captopril
(c) Ramipril
(d) Perindopril
Correct Answer: (b) Captopril
Rationale: Most ACE inhibitors (Enalapril -> Enalaprilat, Ramipril -> Ramiprilat) are prodrugs converted by hepatic esterases. Captopril and Lisinopril are active as such and do not require hepatic activation.
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